Thursday, April 18, 2013

synonim answer (vocabulary)

this is about synonym


Saum Maria Magdalena/Smt. 2
Vocabulary 2/Mrs. Henhen N.




V. (Page 95)

v  Trip:       -an act of travelling from one place to another,
-usually back again, a business trip, a five-minute-trip by taxi
-often short than a journey, a trip op New York, a round-the-world trip
-often short in time, even if it is long in distance
journey for pleasure

v  Journey:              -an act of travelling from one place to another,
-a long way apart, one-way, a long and difficult journey across the mountains
-more often used when the travelling takes a long time and is difficult
indicates a trip of considerable length, wholly or mainly by land, for business or pleasure or other reasons, and is now applied to travel that is more leisurely or more fatiguing than a trip; a return is not necessarily indicated: the long journey to Tibet.

v        Tour:   -a long journey made for pleasure during which several different places are visited, especially with an organized group led by a guide:  a tour of Bavaria.

v             Expedition:       -an organized journey with particular/definite purposes, especially to find out about a place that is not well known, the first expedition to the South Pole.
-an excursion, journey, or voyage made for some specific purpose, as of war or exploration.

v              Excursion:       - a short trip (sightseeing à on bus or train) made for pleasure, especially one that has been organized for a group of people; we went on an-all-day excursion to the island.
-an short trip or outing to some place, usually for a special purpose and with the intention of a prompt return: a pleasure excursion; a scientific excursion; school excursion=darmawisata sekolah
Ex. Wanted to take my parents on an excursion of the island but not sure where the nicest points of interest are.

v             Outing:               - a short trip made for pleasure (home pleasure) or education, usually with a group of people and lasting no more than a day, the children were on a day’s outing from school
-a pleasure trip, excursion, picnic, or the like: the annual outing for the senior class.
v             Voyage:             -a long journey, especially by sea or in space, a voyage in space, the Titanic sank on its maiden voyage (first journey).
-travel by water or air, usually for a long distance and for business or pleasure; if by water, leisure is indicated: a voyage around the world.

v       Flight:    a journey made by air, especially in a plane, we went on a flight from London to Paris; ex. Every box is one more that you'll have to carry up the next flight of steps to your new apartment.

v  Pilgrimage:          - a journey to holy place(secret places) for religious reasons,
-a journey to a place that is connected with somebody/something that you     admire or respect, his grave has become a place of pilgrimage.

v  Jaunt:    a short journey that you make for pleasure (synonym: excursion)
Ex. Here are two that caught my eye on my morning jaunt through the pits.
      It was meant to be a short jaunt to a friend's home to watch a movie.
      By a hired cook at home while you jaunt around the park in a filmy, ruffled   dress, maybe.

v              Circuit:              -a line, route, or journey around a place, the earth takes a year to make a circuit of the sun.
-a regular journey made by a judge to hear court cases in each of the courts law in a particular area, a circuit court/judge
-an act or instance of going or moving around.
-a circular journey or one beginning and ending at the same place; a round.
-a roundabout journey or course.

v              Ramble:           - a long walk (jalan kaki) for pleasure, especially in the countryside, to go for a ramble in the countryside
-to wander around in a leisurely, aimless manner: They rambled through the shops until closing time.

1.       Short distances are trip, excursion, outing, jaunt, and ramble.
Long distances are journey, tour, expedition, voyage, flight, pilgrimage, and circuit.

2.       Having the definite goals or objectives are trip, journey, expedition, voyage, pilgrimage, and circuit.

3.       The aimlessness, purposelessness are tour, excursion, outing, flight, jaunt, and ramble.

4.       Voyage can take place only on water.
Excursion and Ramble can take place only on land.
5.       Ramble can be accomplished only on foot.

6.       Yes, there is. A kind of travel which can be accomplished only by airplane is flight.

v  Fragrance:           a pleasant scent or sweet odor.
Ex. perfume, cologne, toilet water, or the like.
Rosemary plants have varying amounts of camphor in their fragrance profile.

v  Fetor:    a strong, foul smell.
Ex. deodorant

v  Smell:    - the faculty of power of perceiving odors of scents by means of the organs in the nose.
-the sense of smell; faculty of smelling.
-the quality of a thing that is or may be smelled; odor; scent.
-Smell  is the most general and neutral of these two terms (it can be pleasant or unpleasant), deriving connotation generally from the context in which it is used: the tempting smell of fresh-baked bread; the rank smell of rotting vegetation.
But the smell of them cooking inspires significantly less affection.

v       Odor:    It can be pleasant or unpleasant smell, strong and easy to recognize especially an unpleasant one.
The smell of roses is an example of an odor.
When a feeling remains that corruption exists after a political scandal is somewhat cleared up, this is an example of a time when the odor of corruption remains.

v  Aroma:                 a distinctive, typically pleasant smell.
an odor arising from spices, plants, cooking, etc., especially an agreeable odor; fragrance. (advertising food=makanan penggugah selera)
(of wines and spirits) the odor or bouquet.
Look for fish with bright eyes, shiny skin, and a mild aroma.
Added to fish or chicken broth, they contribute their aroma and sweetness.
The aroma of coffee

v  Redolence:         archaic or literary fragrant or sweet smelling.
a strong smell from lavender.
odorous or smelling (usually followed by of ): redolent of garlic. Redolence of heather and wood smoke.
It has the leaden consistency and gaseous redolence of a diet thick with potatoes.

v  Stench: a very strong bad smell like rotting fish=ikan busuk.
The acrid stench of the remedy hangs in the air; the night skies are lit with it; the animals burning.
However, once beyond the putrid stench of ammonia we were treated to a real surprise.

v  Stink:  a very very  strong bad smell (diatasnya Stench)
Slang a strong public reaction, as one of outrage, censure, protest, etc.
Stink ceiling was still peeling, the walls were still greasy and it still stank of urine.

v        Perfume: a fragrant liquid typically made from essential oils extracted from flowers and spices, used to give a pleasant smell to one’s body.
Sweet smell (seperti sari bunga)
This woman poured perfume on my body to prepare me for burial.
There they happily dispense their heady perfume into the cool air.

v        Bouquet: delicate odor (tidak menyenagt baunya)
the characteristic aroma of wines, liqueurs, etc.
Bouquet of white roses left during the morning by the editor of Leeds ' club magazine had been hastily removed.
 
v  Scent:   a distinctive smell, especially one that is pleasant.
an odor left in passing, by means of which an animal or person may be traced.
a track or trail as or as if indicated by such an odor: The dogs lost the scent and the prisoner escaped.
Leaves have strong peppery scent that some people find offensive.

v  Fetidness:           an extremely unpleasant smelling.
having a bad smell, as of decay; putrid
7.    Pleasant nasal sensations are fragrance, aroma, redolence, bouquet, perfume, and scent.
      Unpleasant sensations are fetor, stench, stink, and fetidness.

8.       Yes, they which have generally meaning, not restricting themselves to either pleasant or unpleasant are smell, odor, and aroma.

9.       The most pleasant sensation is redolence.
The most unpleasant sensation is stink.
10.    Yes, there is. The word that’s so undignified and I would not use it in a drawing room or in making            a speech is stink, smell.


VI. (Page 96)
v       Move:  to change position or make somebody/something change position in way that can be seen, heard, or felt. Ex. Phil moved towards the window.
v       Go: to make or travel from one place to another, can be by foot, vehicle, machine, etc. Ex. She goes to work by bus.
v      Pass: to move past or to the other side of somebody/something. Ex. You’ll pass the bank on the way to the train station. Mendahului/menyalip
v      Shift: to move, or move something, from one position or place to another (change position or direction). Ex. The action of the novel shifts from Paris to London, wind shifted=arah angin berubah, shift the geer=merubah gigi/porseneling.
v      Slide: to move easily, smoothly, quietly over a smooth or wet surface, to make something move in this way. Ex. We slid down the grassy slope.
v        Glide: -to move smoothly and quietly, especially as though it takes no effort. Ex. The skaters were gliding over the ice. (bergelantungan)
-to fly using air currents, without the birds moving their wings or the aircraft using the engine. Ex. An eagle was gliding high overhead.
v  Flow: move continuously, to make or pass continuously from one place or person to another, especially in large number or amounts (for liquid and gas). Ex. Election results flowed in throughout the night.
v  Run: move fast on foot, to make using your legs, going faster than when you walk (can be used for liquid, engine). Ex. They turned and ran when they saw us coming.
v        Drift:    -move slowly, to move along smoothly in slowly in water or air. Ex. Clouds drifted across the sky, The empty boat drifted out the sea.
-to move or go somewhere slowly. Ex. Her gaze drifted around the room.
v             Stream:              -(liquid or gas/blood and sweat) to move or pour out in a continuous flow. Ex.  After head was streaming with blood.
-to make somewhere in large numbers, one after the other. Ex. People streamed across the bridge.
-to move freely, especially in the wind or water. Ex. Her scarf streamed behind her.

v             Wander:            - to walk slowly around or to a place, often without any particular sense of purpose, or direction. Ex. He wondered back towards the car.
-to move away from the place where you ought to be or the people you are with. Ex. They had wandered from the path into the woods.
-to move slowly from looking at one thing to looking another thing or in other directions. Ex. She let her gaze wandered.

v           Sweep along: move or walk smoothly, very imprssive and determine manner (menyisir jalan) Ex. She let herself be swept along by the crowd.

v       Speed: to move along quickly, especially in a vehicle (move to travel quickly=ngebut). Ex. He sped away on his bike, Car is speeding, Speed up=tancap gas

v      Walk: to move or go somewhere by putting one foot of the other on the ground, but without  running. Ex. How did you get here? I walked.

v       March: to walk with stiff regular step or dignified manner like a soldier. Soldiers were marching up and down outside the government building.              

v          Step along: to left your foot and move it in a particular direction or put it on or in something; to move a short distance (move in slowly, quietly=perlahan-lahan, and carefully). Ex. I stepped along the forest until I got the light to go out.

v      Pace: to walk up and down in a small area many times, especially because you are feeling nervous or angry (regular step=melangkah). Ex. She was very nervous and paced up and down in the restroom before meeting a man.

v      Plod: to walk slowly with heavy steps without any enthusiasm, especially because you are tired (as you are being tired) (synonym: trudge). Ex. Our horses plodded down the muddy track. We plodded on through the rain.

v        Trudge: to walk slowly or with heavy steps, because you are tired physically or in real situation such as  carrying something heavy. Ex. The men trudged up the hill, laden with supplies.

v       Tramp: to walk with heavy or noisy steps, especially for a long time. Ex. We tramped across the wet grass to look at the show.

v        Stalk:   - to move slowly and quietly towards an animal or a person, in order to kill, catch or harm it or them. (mengendap-endap) Ex. The lion was stalking a zebra.
-to walk in an angry or proud way. Ex. He stalks towards his house with a bright smile.

v       Stride:  is a single long step in walking or crossing over something
to walk with long step in a particular direction (synonym: pace). We strode across a river and forest to reach that countryside.

v        Toddle:  walk with short, unsteady or uncertain steps as a baby does. Ex. I locked the door and then toddled off to bed.

v       Jog on: run at a moderately swift pace, to run slowly and steadily for a long time, especially for exercise (jogging). Ex. I go jogging every morning.

v              Make one’s way: to move or allow movement according to our/ the people’s own way (pake caranya masing-masing menuju suatu tempat). Ex. I made one’s way direction when I taught my little sister ride a motorcycle.
v      Coast: to move especially down a hill, with using any power (sliding=berseluncur). Ex. She took her feet off the pedals and coasted downhill.
v      Skim: to move quickly and lightly over a surface, not touching it or only touching it occasionally (melayang). Ex. We watched the birds skimming over the lake.
v  Skate: to move around on skates. Ex. He likes go skating.
v        Shuffle: to walk slowly without lifting your feet completely off the ground, slide your feet backwards and upwards without lifting them = menyeret kaki. Ex. He shuffled across the wet floor.
v       Scurry: to run with quick short step and has more urgencies to it (synonym: scuttle) (larinya sebentar jalannya cepat). Ex. The boys had to scurry for safety when the tide came in.
v        Scuttle: to run with quick short step, quicker that scurry, running away from=berlari menghindar dari… Ex. My father taught me how to scuttle run.

1.          The words which pertain only to motion on foot are run, wander, walk, march, step along, pace, plod, trudge, tramp, stalk, stride, toddle, jog on, shuffle, scurry, and scuttle.

2.          Scuttle implies the greatest speed.
Shuffle implies the least speed.

3.          The words are general in their suggestion of motion, without implications of the means are move, go, jog on, walk, coast, and skim.

4.          -a dirigible= move, drift
-a horse= run
                -an automobile= speed, move, pass
                -a rowboat= skim
                -a bullet= skim, run                               
                -a current of air= glide, skim, drift
                -a runner= run, speed
                -a shadow= skim


v  Endeavor:           to try very hard to do (synonym: strive) used in formal way (see Stylistic)
I’ll endeavor to do my best for my country.
                                        We must constantly endeavor if we are to succeed.
                                        He endeavors to keep things neat in his apartment.

v            Strive:   to try very hard to achieve something, harder than endeavor, used in formal way
We encourage all members to strive for the highest standards.
to exert oneself vigorously; try hard: He strove to make himself understood.
For rival; vie=bersaing

v            Try:        to make an attempt or effort to do or get something because you want to or need to (di bawah Strive)
I try hard not to laugh.

v            Undertake:         to make yourself responsible for something and start doing, promise to do something.
A university professor both teaches and undertakes research.

v            Attempt:             just make an effort or try to do something, especially something difficult
I’ll attempt to answer all your questions.

v            Essay:    to try to do something, attempt to do or accomplish = berupaya untuk mencapainya (di atas Attempt and Try)
He essays to be focus in the Math subject.


5.       No, he doesn’t. Because when we try to achieve something, we just make an attempt or effort to do, but when we endeavor to achieve something, we have to try to get it more hardly.
Try to achieve something is essay.

6.       I would try to sharpen a pencil. Because sharpening a pencil is not something difficult to do, so we do not need to endeavor to do it.

7.       He does not strenuously try when he essays to something. Because when we try to do something means we have to make greater effort and energy than when we essay to get something.
He essays something when he wants to accomplish something.

8.       To strive implies the exertion a greater energy.

9.       Strive (strive to get success) implies a greater prospect of success than the others. Because according to my explanation above when we undertake means we make our self responsible for getting something and start doing an action. So, when we have started to do something, we usually have to finish it until we get our purposes.

10.   a). I’ll essay to do my best for my company progression. (endeavor)
b). I encourage myself to try to get the scholarship abroad. (strive)
c). I endeavor to make a glass of milk. (try)
d). I’ll undertake to answer the professor’s question. (attempt)
e). She strives to remember her mobile phone. (essay)
f). My father’s friend attempts to take care his five-month baby since his wife passed away. (undertake)



II. (Page 104)

1.       Humor: the ability to laugh at things that are amusing, focus to the action, physically (gerakan)
        Wit: the ability to say or write things that are both clever (more intellectual) and amusing. We can find wit in games (playing), in words (ex. Standup comedy).

2.    A plan:          -a set of things to do in order to achieve something,
especially one that has been considered in detail in advance, (the whole package)
                                -a way of investing money for the future.
        A scheme: - a plan or system for doing or organizing something, part of the plan, the idea of a plan
-a plan for getting money or some other advantage for yourself, especially one that involves cheating other people.

3.    An instrument:  -tool or device used for particular tasks, especially for delicate or scientific work.
        -a device used for measuring speed, distance, temperature, etc. in a vehicle or on a piece of machinery.
        A tool: -a thing that helps you to do your job or achieve something.
-an instrument such as a hammer, screw driver, saw, etc. that you hold in your hand and use for making things, repairing things, etc.

Tool:  any piece of equipment that you hold in your hands or used by workmen. There are two kinds of tool
a.       Household tools => hammer, drill, hand drill, screw driver, monkey range, etc.
b.      Gardening tools  => sickle, etc.

Device: a tool or instrument for doing some job (Electronic device).
                Ex. Calculator, etc.

Equipment: consists of things, you need to carry out particular land of work.
                          Ex. Office equipment => stapler, photocopier -> to duplicate the paper; etc.

Gadget: is a small piece of electrical or other equipment that is handy/practical and useful.
                  Ex. Hand phone, iPod, iPad, etc.

Appliance: is a machine, instrument or tool for doing a job. There are two kinds of appliance:
a.       Electric appliance => washing machine, air conditioner, fan, etc.
b.      Kitchen appliance => magic jar, rice cooker, tokebi, blender, mixer, etc.

Utensil: is a *kitchen appliance that is usually made of metal.
                 Ex. -Wax, sauce pan, Teflon, spatula, ladle, etc.
                         -crockery (barang pecah belah) = saucer, bowl, etc.
                        -tableware = spoon, fork, bread knife, butter knife, etc.
                       
                        *household appliance = pottery (keramik)
                                *household ornament = painting

        Apparatus: is an equipment relates to sport or gymnastics.
                                Ex. Parallel bars/gymnastic apparatus
                                       Isometric (palang bertingkat)
                                       Horse (kuda-kuda)/ring (gelang)
                                       Apparatus Government = aparatur pemerintah
       
4.       A shop: (British English) a building or a part of building where goods or services are sold.
        refers to small store which designed elegantly and sell specific goods or things.
                A store: (American English) a place where things are kept for future use or sale.

5.       Advice: offering suggestions about the best course action to someone.
                Counsel: give advice to someone.
                                  Implies equality between the two people (kesamaan umur misalnya)

6.       A trophy: a cup or other decorative object awarded as a prize for victory or success.
           Is taken of victory of an enemy.
        A memento: an object kept as a reminder of a person or event.
                                   Retained more the purpose of reminding one of some events or places (ada nilai  sejarahnya)
        A souvenir: a thing that is kept as a reminder of a person, place, or event (ga ada nilai sejarahnya)
        Both a memento and souvenir are actually same.

7.       A prison: a building to which people are legally committed as punishment for a crime or while awaiting trial (for big shoot criminal=penjahat kelas kakap).
        A jail: a place for the confinement of people accused or convicted of a crime (small fry criminal=penjahat kelas teri, ex. Lapas/lembaga Pemasyarakatan).

8.       Pilfering: steal things of little value, to commit a petty theft.
        Thieving: steal another person’s property, especially without using force or threat of violence, more seriously.
        Stealing: take another’s person’s property without permission or legal right and without intending to return it, general term
        Purloining: formal or humorous steal something,  the idea of removal or stolen article (nyuri ide/plagiat)
        Appropriating: allocate sum of money officially for a particular use, suggest that one takes another property for owns use (mau dipakai sendiri).

9.       Love: strong feeling of affection, great interest and pleasure in something.
        Liking: the feeling that you like somebody/something; the enjoyment of something (synonym: fondness)
        Affection: a gentle feeling of fondness or liking.

10.   Ridiculous: very silly or unreasonable
        Funny: causing laughter or amusement; humorous.
        Laughable: so ludicrous as to be amusing.
        Silly: showing a lack of thought, understanding or judgment.
        Absurd: wildly unreasonable, illogical, or inappropriate.

11.   Pun: a joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words which sound alike but have different meanings
Humor: the quality of being amusing or comic, especially as expressed in literature or speech.
        Wit: the capacity for inventive thought and quick understanding; keen intelligence
        Yes, a good pun is humor.

12. Yes, a clergyman speak of plan to raise money

13.  No, I care to have a surgeon operate upon me with a surgical instrument. Why not? Because an instrument is a tool or device used for particular tasks, especially for delicate or scientific work, but tool is an instrument such as a hammer, screw driver, saw, etc. that you hold in your hand and use for making things, repairing things, etc.

14.  Yes, there are more stigmas attached to having been in jail because jail is a place for the confinement of people accused or convicted of a crime.

15.  No, one can be properly described as stealing a million dollar.




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